{
  "dataset": {
    "slug": "us-telework-by-state",
    "title": "U.S. work-from-home participation by state",
    "summary": "State-level work-from-home commuting estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey.",
    "category": "public_data",
    "category_label": "Public data",
    "source_kind": "official",
    "source_name": "U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-year",
    "source_url": "https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/replicate_estimates/2024/data/5-year/040/B08301.csv.zip",
    "update_frequency": "Annual",
    "geographic_scope": "United States",
    "methodology": "WFH.team retrieves the official ACS 5-year state replicate-estimate file for table B08301. The work-from-home share divides the Worked from home estimate (order 21) by the Total estimate (order 1).",
    "limitations": "ACS estimates have sampling error and represent a multi-year period. This commuting measure is not identical to the BLS telework definition.",
    "dimensions": [
      "year",
      "state"
    ],
    "api_url": "https://api.new.wfh.team/api/public/research/datasets/us-telework-by-state/"
  },
  "release": {
    "release_key": "2024",
    "revision": 1,
    "period_start": "2024-01-01",
    "period_end": "2024-12-31",
    "published_at": "2026-08-11 09:08:51.654401+00:00",
    "source_updated_at": "2025-01-01 00:00:00+00:00",
    "headline": "15.0% of workers in the state estimates worked from home",
    "change_summary": "The 2024 ACS 5-year release adds comparable work-from-home commuting estimates for 52 states and state-equivalent areas.",
    "sample_size": null,
    "revision_note": "Initial publication",
    "permalink": "https://wfh.team/research/datasets/us-telework-by-state/2024",
    "data": {
      "series": [],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "key": "state_weighted_share",
          "unit": "percent",
          "label": "State-summed work-from-home share",
          "value": 15.0,
          "change": null,
          "previous_value": null
        },
        {
          "key": "workers",
          "unit": "count",
          "label": "Workers represented",
          "value": 160233589,
          "change": null,
          "previous_value": null
        }
      ],
      "breakdowns": [
        {
          "key": "state",
          "rows": [
            {
              "key": "11",
              "label": "District of Columbia",
              "percent": 33.0,
              "workers": 373183,
              "work_from_home": 123146
            },
            {
              "key": "08",
              "label": "Colorado",
              "percent": 21.0,
              "workers": 3074682,
              "work_from_home": 645882
            },
            {
              "key": "53",
              "label": "Washington",
              "percent": 19.8,
              "workers": 3787614,
              "work_from_home": 749107
            },
            {
              "key": "24",
              "label": "Maryland",
              "percent": 19.3,
              "workers": 3127685,
              "work_from_home": 604400
            },
            {
              "key": "41",
              "label": "Oregon",
              "percent": 19.0,
              "workers": 2025499,
              "work_from_home": 384471
            },
            {
              "key": "25",
              "label": "Massachusetts",
              "percent": 18.6,
              "workers": 3629298,
              "work_from_home": 676607
            },
            {
              "key": "04",
              "label": "Arizona",
              "percent": 18.4,
              "workers": 3379754,
              "work_from_home": 620550
            },
            {
              "key": "51",
              "label": "Virginia",
              "percent": 18.3,
              "workers": 4327663,
              "work_from_home": 793064
            },
            {
              "key": "27",
              "label": "Minnesota",
              "percent": 17.6,
              "workers": 2939889,
              "work_from_home": 517984
            },
            {
              "key": "49",
              "label": "Utah",
              "percent": 17.6,
              "workers": 1689998,
              "work_from_home": 297541
            },
            {
              "key": "06",
              "label": "California",
              "percent": 17.2,
              "workers": 18371933,
              "work_from_home": 3154824
            },
            {
              "key": "50",
              "label": "Vermont",
              "percent": 16.9,
              "workers": 332501,
              "work_from_home": 56230
            },
            {
              "key": "33",
              "label": "New Hampshire",
              "percent": 16.8,
              "workers": 734959,
              "work_from_home": 123687
            },
            {
              "key": "34",
              "label": "New Jersey",
              "percent": 16.8,
              "workers": 4582367,
              "work_from_home": 770990
            },
            {
              "key": "37",
              "label": "North Carolina",
              "percent": 16.3,
              "workers": 5084515,
              "work_from_home": 831069
            },
            {
              "key": "09",
              "label": "Connecticut",
              "percent": 16.0,
              "workers": 1814693,
              "work_from_home": 291021
            },
            {
              "key": "13",
              "label": "Georgia",
              "percent": 15.9,
              "workers": 5149633,
              "work_from_home": 819556
            },
            {
              "key": "17",
              "label": "Illinois",
              "percent": 15.9,
              "workers": 6152715,
              "work_from_home": 975779
            },
            {
              "key": "23",
              "label": "Maine",
              "percent": 15.9,
              "workers": 679677,
              "work_from_home": 107940
            },
            {
              "key": "12",
              "label": "Florida",
              "percent": 15.7,
              "workers": 10356895,
              "work_from_home": 1623149
            },
            {
              "key": "42",
              "label": "Pennsylvania",
              "percent": 15.6,
              "workers": 6210797,
              "work_from_home": 969334
            },
            {
              "key": "10",
              "label": "Delaware",
              "percent": 15.0,
              "workers": 481641,
              "work_from_home": 72454
            },
            {
              "key": "36",
              "label": "New York",
              "percent": 14.9,
              "workers": 9306567,
              "work_from_home": 1389935
            },
            {
              "key": "48",
              "label": "Texas",
              "percent": 14.4,
              "workers": 14280889,
              "work_from_home": 2051250
            },
            {
              "key": "26",
              "label": "Michigan",
              "percent": 13.5,
              "workers": 4639810,
              "work_from_home": 624313
            },
            {
              "key": "16",
              "label": "Idaho",
              "percent": 13.3,
              "workers": 906878,
              "work_from_home": 120392
            },
            {
              "key": "55",
              "label": "Wisconsin",
              "percent": 13.1,
              "workers": 2984569,
              "work_from_home": 390479
            },
            {
              "key": "29",
              "label": "Missouri",
              "percent": 13.0,
              "workers": 2959377,
              "work_from_home": 384872
            },
            {
              "key": "39",
              "label": "Ohio",
              "percent": 13.0,
              "workers": 5608273,
              "work_from_home": 727365
            },
            {
              "key": "44",
              "label": "Rhode Island",
              "percent": 13.0,
              "workers": 547074,
              "work_from_home": 71064
            },
            {
              "key": "47",
              "label": "Tennessee",
              "percent": 12.9,
              "workers": 3314309,
              "work_from_home": 426680
            },
            {
              "key": "30",
              "label": "Montana",
              "percent": 12.5,
              "workers": 540910,
              "work_from_home": 67716
            },
            {
              "key": "35",
              "label": "New Mexico",
              "percent": 12.2,
              "workers": 916223,
              "work_from_home": 111722
            },
            {
              "key": "32",
              "label": "Nevada",
              "percent": 11.9,
              "workers": 1479885,
              "work_from_home": 176710
            },
            {
              "key": "20",
              "label": "Kansas",
              "percent": 11.8,
              "workers": 1454367,
              "work_from_home": 171485
            },
            {
              "key": "45",
              "label": "South Carolina",
              "percent": 11.5,
              "workers": 2425248,
              "work_from_home": 279633
            },
            {
              "key": "19",
              "label": "Iowa",
              "percent": 11.3,
              "workers": 1611395,
              "work_from_home": 182141
            },
            {
              "key": "31",
              "label": "Nebraska",
              "percent": 11.0,
              "workers": 1013728,
              "work_from_home": 112009
            },
            {
              "key": "18",
              "label": "Indiana",
              "percent": 10.7,
              "workers": 3260273,
              "work_from_home": 348650
            },
            {
              "key": "21",
              "label": "Kentucky",
              "percent": 10.2,
              "workers": 2017413,
              "work_from_home": 206467
            },
            {
              "key": "02",
              "label": "Alaska",
              "percent": 9.7,
              "workers": 353321,
              "work_from_home": 34435
            },
            {
              "key": "46",
              "label": "South Dakota",
              "percent": 9.7,
              "workers": 457555,
              "work_from_home": 44388
            },
            {
              "key": "15",
              "label": "Hawaii",
              "percent": 9.6,
              "workers": 696107,
              "work_from_home": 66904
            },
            {
              "key": "40",
              "label": "Oklahoma",
              "percent": 9.4,
              "workers": 1816948,
              "work_from_home": 170373
            },
            {
              "key": "56",
              "label": "Wyoming",
              "percent": 9.4,
              "workers": 286028,
              "work_from_home": 26834
            },
            {
              "key": "54",
              "label": "West Virginia",
              "percent": 9.1,
              "workers": 734007,
              "work_from_home": 66491
            },
            {
              "key": "01",
              "label": "Alabama",
              "percent": 8.8,
              "workers": 2229079,
              "work_from_home": 196829
            },
            {
              "key": "05",
              "label": "Arkansas",
              "percent": 8.8,
              "workers": 1326796,
              "work_from_home": 116719
            },
            {
              "key": "22",
              "label": "Louisiana",
              "percent": 8.1,
              "workers": 1988865,
              "work_from_home": 161264
            },
            {
              "key": "38",
              "label": "North Dakota",
              "percent": 8.1,
              "workers": 407488,
              "work_from_home": 33149
            },
            {
              "key": "72",
              "label": "Puerto Rico",
              "percent": 6.1,
              "workers": 1119495,
              "work_from_home": 68506
            },
            {
              "key": "28",
              "label": "Mississippi",
              "percent": 5.9,
              "workers": 1243121,
              "work_from_home": 73435
            }
          ],
          "label": "By state"
        }
      ],
      "schema_version": 1
    }
  },
  "citation": "Source: WFH.team, U.S. work-from-home participation by state, 2024, revision 1 (https://wfh.team/research/datasets/us-telework-by-state/2024)."
}